The risk of contracting a sexually transmitted infection (STI) is significant for anyone who engages in sexual behaviour, especially when protective measures – such as using a condom – are overlooked. These infections can contribute to a wide variety of health complications, including male infertility in some cases.
Our team of professional private doctors at Broadgate GP offer a range of sexual health services in our specialist clinic, and we believe that everyone should be aware of potential hazards that come from contracting an STI. In this blog, we will explore the ways in which STIs can impact men’s reproductive health and the various STIs that can cause infertility.
How do STIs Cause Infertility in Men?
STIs can cause infertility in men by damaging the reproductive system. When left untreated, STIs like chlamydia, gonorrhoea, syphilis, genital herpes, and hepatitis can lead to inflammation, scarring, and blockages in the reproductive system. This can make it difficult or impossible for sperm to pass through, leading to decreased sperm production and motility, and potentially permanent infertility.
Chlamydia and Gonorrhoea
Chlamydia and gonorrhoea are bacterial STIs that are commonly transmitted through unprotected sex. These infections can cause serious health complications in men, including infertility.
Chlamydia and gonorrhoea can both cause inflammation of the urethra, epididymis, and prostate gland. This inflammation can lead to scarring and blockages in the reproductive system, making it difficult for sperm to pass through. If left untreated, chlamydia and gonorrhoea can cause permanent damage to the testicles, leading to infertility.
Symptoms of chlamydia and gonorrhoea in men may include painful urination, discharge from the penis, and pain or swelling in the testicles. Testing for these infections involves a simple urine or swab test, and treatment typically involves a course of antibiotics. For more information on this subject, we have a blog dedicated to exploring the impact of chlamydia in men!
Syphilis
Syphilis is a bacterial STI that can cause a range of health complications if left untreated. One of the most serious complications of syphilis is infertility.
Syphilis can cause inflammation of the testicles and epididymis, leading to permanent damage and infertility. Additionally, syphilis can cause scarring and blockages in the reproductive system, further impeding sperm mobility and production.
Symptoms of syphilis in men may include a painless sore on the penis or anus, rash, fever, and swollen lymph nodes. Testing for syphilis involves a blood test, and treatment typically involves a course of antibiotics.
Genital Herpes
Genital herpes is a viral STI that is commonly transmitted through skin-to-skin contact during sexual activity. While herpes itself typically does not cause infertility in men, it can increase the risk of acquiring other STIs that can cause infertility.
Herpes can cause sores and blisters on the penis, scrotum, and anus. While these sores themselves do not typically cause infertility, the inflammation and scarring they can cause may lead to blockages in the reproductive system. Additionally, herpes can cause pain and discomfort during sex, which may affect a man’s ability to conceive.
Symptoms of herpes in men may include tingling, itching, or burning sensations before the appearance of sores, as well as painful sores or blisters on the genitals. Testing for herpes typically involves a swab or blood test, and treatment typically involves antiviral medications to manage symptoms and reduce the risk of transmission.
Hepatitis
Hepatitis is a viral infection that can damage the liver and also impact reproductive health. Hepatitis B and C, in particular, can be transmitted through sexual contact and can cause a range of health complications, including infertility.
Hepatitis B and C can cause inflammation of the testicles and epididymis, leading to permanent damage and infertility. Additionally, hepatitis can cause scarring and blockages in the reproductive system, further impeding sperm mobility and production.
Symptoms of hepatitis in men may include fatigue, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and yellowing of the skin or eyes. Testing for hepatitis typically involves a blood test, and treatment may involve antiviral medications or other therapies to manage symptoms and reduce the risk of complications.
What Treatment Options Are Available?
Many STIs can be treated with the correct medication, though it’s important to keep in mind that some are life long conditions that must instead be managed. These include HIV, genital herpes, and HPV. For more information on these conditions, or to arrange an STI test with our experienced team, please contact Broadgate GP today! We’re based in London and also service patients from the surrounding areas, so please don’t hesitate to reach out.
